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Berkeley Law Dean: Yoo Was Not The Decider

John Yoo is a professor of law at the University of California-Berkeley School of Law. He's never been a particularly popular faculty member there, but the recent release of his March, 2003 Justice Department memo, in which he advised that military interrogators could torture detainees as long as their only motivation wasn't sadism, has made him considerably less popular. Earlier this week, the National Lawyers Guild called for Berkeley to fire Yoo.

In a statement posted on the school's website today, the school's dean Christopher Edley, Jr. offers a statement "as dean, but speaking only for myself" for why he does not think that Yoo should be fired.

His argument largely comes down to this:

As critical as I am of his analyses, no argument about what he did or didn't facilitate, or about his special obligations as an attorney, makes his conduct morally equivalent to that of his nominal clients, Secretary Rumsfeld, et al., or comparable to the conduct of interrogators distant in time, rank and place. Yes, it does matter that Yoo was an adviser, but President Bush and his national security appointees were the deciders.

Because of "the complex, ineffable boundary between policymaking and law-declaring," Edley writes, too many questions remain to pass judgment on Yoo beyond finding his legal reasoning flawed:

I believe the crucial questions in view of our university mission are these: Was there clear professional misconduct—that is, some breach of the professional ethics applicable to a government attorney—material to Professor Yoo’s academic position? Did the writing of the memoranda, and his related conduct, violate a criminal or comparable statute?

Absent very substantial evidence on these questions, no university worthy of distinction should even contemplate dismissing a faculty member. That standard has not been met.


Comments (175)

re: "military interrogators could torture detainees as long as their only motivation was sadism"

funny typo

well, it'd be funny if it weren't so sad

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The statement that "military interrogators could torture detainees as long as their only motivation wasn't sadism" ascribes a limitation not present in the memorandum, unless the definition of "sadism" is limited to severe physical pain or injury. Would rape constitue torture? Would threatening to kill a family member or sic the dogs on someone meet the definition?

The administration's position is this -- fight terror with terror in the same way that we fight forest fires with fire. Pogo is right.

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I love that in this statement Boalt's dean has adopted the Bush-ism "the decider." I don't think your average person--let alone a law school dean--would have used this term a few years ago. But Bush is the self-appointed "decider," so I guess it shouldn't be too surprising. Maybe Edley is making a joke.

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Whoops, didn't see this up and put a blog up about it just now.

I think Edley was making a pointed remark in using the term "decider". I'd say as far as the academic world goes, his criticisms of Yoo are pretty sharp. He starts off by saying Yoo is a "successful" teacher, but then says that the memos that Yoo wrote were legal jokes and that most of the entire legal community, including Yoo's fellow faculty members, disagree with them.

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I think you're probably right. I think legal academia is justifiably apprehensive of encroaching on academic freedom right about now, especially after the Chemerinsky/UC Irvine debacle. Edley wanted to make a statement without caving to pressures from the lawyers' guild.

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Christopher Edley, Jr., Dean of UC Berkeley's Boalt School of Law writes:

Yes, it does matter that Yoo was an adviser, but President Bush and his national security appointees were the deciders.

I think that the Dean's statement is purposely misleading. John Yoo wrote the Torture Memo neither as an academic research paper to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, nor as an advocacy/opinion piece intended for a newspaper or a magazine. Had any of these been the case, his screed - no matter how vile or controversial - would have fallen under the very wide umbrella of academic freedom and/or freedom of expression.

However, John Yoo wrote the memo in his capacity as acting(?) Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel -- a paid political appointee position in the Bush 43 Administration. This makes him part of the decider, and therefore responsible.

Indeed, although the President is the head of the Executive Branch and carries the ultimate responsibility for everything the Executive Branch does, he by no means acts alone nor does he directly decide on every single issue: this would be humanly impossible.

Instead, each President appoints some 5000 political appointees - loyal to him, who oversee and carry out the President's agenda, and to whom considerable decision-making powers are delegated. Every day, these people - Dept. secretaries, under-Secretaries, heads of agencies, etc. - make thousands of decisions, for which they are held responsible.

It is in this context that Yoo's role should be debated. John Yoo was part of "the decider machine." Letting him off the hook as some informal adviser without influence - an innocent bystander - is nothing more than Dean Edley's rather pathetic attempt at defense lawyering. Maybe it's a good thing that Dean Edley chose a career in academia.

re: "no argument about what he did"

How about the "little Eichmann" argument?

Just about everyone, in and out of the lawyering trade, thought his memos were outlandish in regard to traditional interpretations of out American constitutional democracy; he thereby enabled war crimes to be committed in our name.

If that's not "clear professional misconduct," I'm not sure what is, even if he didn't actually pour the water on detainees heads himself.

make that "OUR" American constitutional democracy

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shorter Dean Edley--

Nuremberg? Never heard of it.

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Is there not the smell of professional misconduct in Yoo's decision to author a memo on behalf of the Office of Legal Council and allow it to be transmitted to the President without first being vetted by the Attorney General? Is this not why the Justice Department's Office of Professional Responsibility is currently investigating Yoo?

Dean Edley's defense of Yoo as an "advisor" to the president misstates the nature of Yoo's position and of the Office of Legal Council. Yoo was a legal councillor, not an advisor, to the Attorney General (not the President), and as such was embedded in both a professional and administrative chain of command. By collaborating directly with David Addington and bypassing both his direct supervisor and the AG, Yoo actively subverted the functions of his office, a clear attempt to bypass the protections put in place to prevent the legal rubber stamping of which he is now accused.

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It seems clear that Yoo is entitled to his post. He hasn't yet been indicted, tried, convicted. I think Edley's hands may be tied here.

That being said, some of Edley's argument, the part summarized by Paul

As critical as I am of his analyses, [...] President Bush and his national security appointees were the deciders.
can only be called nitpicking, hairsplitting, lawyerly.

If it were up to me I would certainly see that a lot of pressure brought to bear on Yoo to resign & collect the ever-plentiful wingnut welfare rather than draw a paycheck from the citizens of California.

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Garrigus Carraig writes:

... I would certainly see that a lot of pressure brought to bear on Yoo to resign & collect the ever-plentiful wingnut welfare ...

Apparently, the wingnut wellfare is not as plentiful as it used to be. Here's breaking news from today's Dreck Report):

TOUGH JOB MARKET: Former attorney general Alberto Gonzales has been unable to interest law firms in adding his name to their roster...

Of course, Yoo, should he lose his job at Boalt, won't face the same troubles: his ethnicity and legal skills should guarantee him irresistible opportunities -- in the service to Kim Jong Il, or in any law school in North Korea.

Edley doesn't know about or is ignoring the fact that Yoo did an end run around the Attorney General and signed (therefore, approved) the memo himself. That's a pretty big breach of ethics, in my book.

And I'm going to let Dean Edley know this. (I already wrote him and 30 others to recommend firing Yoo.)

And for anyone else who wants to contact the administration and faculty at Boalt Hall, UC Berkeley's law school, here's the url:

http://www.law.berkeley.edu/faculty/profiles/facultyList.php

It's got links to each member's bio, as well as phone numbers and email links. Very handy.

Clarification: Yoo signed the 2001 memo, which he used as support and reference for the 2003 memo, aka the Bybee memo.

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Could some ethical/legal beagle help me out here. Suppose some criminal defense attorney were hired by a law school to teach Criminal Procedure, and it was pointed out that he had gotten a rapist off who subsequently raped and killed, would that be a reason to ask the school to fire him/her. Are there any moral judgments on the career of a lawyer that disqualify him/her from becoming a law professor. What about the one who spent millions of taxpayer dollars trying to nail then-president Clinton; has he ever been challenged for getting the deanship of a law school? Do lawyers get a free pass to move to public funded academic posts when they have been skunks in the woodpile of history? Could the resume of an applicant for a teaching job say the following (hypothetically of course): "I know my field of law better than anyone else. That I abetted a destructive program for my previous employer is not relevant to my ability. I'm a lawyer; I get a free pass on ethics."

Did the hypothetical rapist lawyer provide the rapist with a legal excuse for his crimes before they were committed??????????? Because that is what we are talking about here.

No, the hypothetical is about a criminal defense lawyer who represents a rapist in court, and successfully defends him. The rapist subsequently (that is, following after his acquittal) rapes someone. How do we feel about the criminal defense lawyer?

A lawyer getting a guilty client off is not the same to me as what Yoo has done. I'm not mad at the defense attorney in the rapist hypothetical, I'm mad at the criminal, the prosecutor and the police. That is not the same as what Yoo did. Yoo advised the Bush Administration to break the law in order to violate constitutional and human rights and his advising them gave them the ability to do it with no legal repercussions. That is aiding fascism.

Don't hatee defense attorneys for doing their jobs. Yoo is no defense attorney.

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The ethics of lawyering hold lawyers representing their client to a much different standard than lawyers advising clients, and rightfully so. In the first instance, your duty is to zealously advocate for your client--if a guilty man is freed, the responsibility lies with the adversarial system of justice and the finder of fact, not with the individual lawyer.

A lawyer who is advising his client operates under a much higher duty--the duty to state the law precisely and accurately. If an attorney tells a client that murdering his neighbor is legal, then the attorney has breached his obligations to the law and to the client, and deserves disbarment, if not prosecution as an accomplice.

No further evidence is needed for Yoo--his memo is a per se breach of his duty to the executive branch. If this is not fireable at a law school, I don't know what is.

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Much as I like the phrase "skunks in the woodpile of history" --

If a lawyer defends a person accused of a terrible crime such as rape, he or she is doing their job. However if a lawyer either a) advocates rape, or b) advises his clients that legal covenants forbidding rape should not be considered binding if they really want to do it, then you have a very different situation, and yes he should forfeit both post and freedom.

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Please drop the hypothetical and tell me exactly at what point Mr. Bush, Mr. Cheney, and Mr. Addington were indicted and under trial in a criminal court in a proceeding under which a prosecutor had authority of subponea. Because we know what _did_ happen the one time a prosecutor was able to subponea documents from Mr. Cheney's man-sized safe.

sPh

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Well, Shrub wasn't the only president to call himself 'The Decider'... I recently viewed a film clip of Eisenhower describing himself as 'The Decider' when talking with the press about Nixon's leverage as a Vice-President.

There is no need to establish moral equivalence to Rumsfeld or Cheney. After all there are other criminal charges that may be applicable, such as Aiding and Abetting/Accessory, or possibly even Conspiracy.

Regardless of what Yoo did is technically illegal or not, certainly a university as the right to fire people who do not meet certain standards.

The question then becomes: Does UC Berkley believe in torture?

After all, this guy is teaching more than law to students, he is also passing on his immorality.


Berkeley*

The question then becomes: Does UC Berkley believe in torture?

Speaking as a Berkeley alum, no.

Indentured servitude, AKA underpaid graduate student labor, is another matter...

As a tenured faculty member, Yoo has every right to advocate immorality, or even torture. That is academic freedom. And a good thing, too.

What makes Yoo's case unusual is that he did not merely advocate these things in his academic work or his teaching. He actually helped our government commit warcrimes. This is substantially beyond advocating torture or immorality.

And I think a good case can be made that it ought to result in his removal.

But let's be clear: the issue is not what Yoo might expose his students to. Once that sort of thing becomes a standard, it will be used much more often against people who believe in anyone advocating anything that the wingnuts might think students shouldn't exposed to.

The solution to evil speech is good speech, not censorship.

The solution for war crimes, however, is (or ought to be) a hefty jail sentence.

Ooops...that should read:

"Once that sort of thing becomes a standard, it will be used much more often against anyone advocating anything that the wingnuts might think students shouldn't exposed to."

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You're right: academic freedom is a really tricky issue. I'm a history professor at a small, pretty conservative school. If students got offended at, say, how I teach about human sexual relationships in Ancient Greece, I've only got tenure to protect me--UNLESS the university can fire me "for cause" (i.e., they caught me sleeping with students or dealing drugs). I've been on the fence about Yoo's academic status ever since people here mentioned writing to the dean. My partner is also a professor, and he believes that crimes against humanity constitute a firing offense. But as Ben points out, Yoo hasn't been convicted of these crimes. If only someone would start proceedings.

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The difference is that Yoo did not write his memo while wearing the hat of an academician, but as a policy adviser to the pResident. Is it your contention that being tenured immunizes him from ANY job action based on his work for the government?

No, but they probably believe in tenure.

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Berkeley supports fascism.

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Berkeley supports crimes against humanity. Glad I went to UCLA.

Glad I went to UCLA.
Oh yes, the University of California for Lower Achievers...
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Actually, admitted students have almost identical qualifications:
http://www.ucop.edu/news/factsheets/2006/freshman_admit_profile_2006.pdf

It varies from year to year. in 2006, Berkeley's freshmen had slightly higher marks. In 2005, UCLA's did:

UCLA GPA: 4.25
Berkeley GPA: 4.25

UCLA SAT: 1346
Berkeley SAT: 1335

UCLA SAT II Writing: 674
Berkeley SAT II Writing: 670

UCLA SAT II Math: 715
Berkeley SAT II Math: 690

According to this data, UCLA was more difficult to get into in 2005. But all within the margin of error, I would say, or accounted for by slightly different criteria for minority and other special admits. And I think even the most moronic Berekely partisan would have to concede that these numbers don't reflect low achievement in either student body.

We did invent the Internet at UCLA, however. And what has Berkeley done for us lately? It has helped justify war crimes and crimes against humanity. What an achievement.

That's nice expat; it was a joke, sorry you didn't get it. IMO all of the UC's are good schools, or am I stopping you from feeling superior to those cretins at Irvine?

Sheesh.

BTW I attended graduate school at Cal not college. If you're still feeling insecure about it, you could go dig up stats on GRE test scores...

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I see that the comments don't add line breaks. Here's the tiny URL for the 2006 figures:

http://tinyurl.com/63cua3

These are the figures that show that 2006 Berkeley freshmen had marginally higher stats than UCLA freshmen. I expect you'll want to boost your self-image by framing the pdf and hanging it on your wall.


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Isn't there a guy in Gitmo right now who was the freakin' driver for Osama bin Laden? He might not have directed the 9/11 attacks, but he was a, uh, vehicle in the attacks and so we'll hold his sorry ass until Kingdom Come, I guess.

So all Yoo did was write the memo? Somebody else was the Decider? Tell that to the jerk at Gitmo.

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Chuckwallah,
We have an adversarial system of justice, i.e. someone must take the other side and you can't (or at least shouldn't) hold against a lawyer who their previous clients were.

I think a more apt example is what if a someone retained a lawyer and asked them if it was ok to rape and kill. If this lawyer said, "go ahead" due to negligence in not pointing out the laws clearly prohibiting such behavior or due to not understanding the law, then yes it would be relevant to their ability.

Since the atrocious document that Yoo wrote dealt with his interpretation of the Constitution, it speaks directly to his ability to teach ConLaw (and his ethics in not saying "no" to his clients).

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Really, Dean Edley? You think that because Yoo didn't personally torture or order other people to, he only cobbled together dubious legal opinions that declared it was okay, that's no reason he shouldn't be teaching Constitutional law?

The fact that he wrote that the Fourth Amendment doesn't prohibit domestic searches by the military "in wartime," that the Constitution's explicit assignment of regulation of the armed forces to Congress means that they're subservient to "commander in chief powers," and cited legal precedents to support his claims when they in fact said the exact opposite, none of these are "material breaches of the professional ethics" unless he's actually broken the law?

Would anyone in their right mind (other than a would-be dictator or corporate criminal) want to work with a lawyer trained there?

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Yoo ought to be prosecuted for war crimes. That will also resolve the tenure issue.

To hell with what you think about our school using Bush torture and 4th ammendment violator attorneys to train young lawyers.

signed

Dean of Whores
Screw U.

Just another reason Cal sucks. Are they the Golden Bears because they keep tryin to piss on us?

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Berkley awarded tenure to a not so sharp lawyer, one who was willing to generate slapdash memos justifying whatever the boss wanted. Legally they are now stuck with him, as poor scholarship is generally not cause for firing tenured faculty. To say he isn’t implicitly guilty because he only knowingly supplied the ammunition but didn’t pull the trigger is moral obfuscation. Whitehouse Lawyers generally aren’t asked to directly torture anyone, but they are asked to generate legal (illegal?) justification for torture. From both a legal and moral perspective, Woo failed miserably.

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Re "Berkley awarded tenure to a not so sharp lawyer, one who was willing to generate slapdash memos justifying whatever the boss wanted. Legally they are now stuck with him[.]" So, let's fire the people who hired him.

Perhaps the memos should be peer reviewed. If qualified peer reviewers raise substantial scholarly objections to these memos that unquestionably had substantial impact on public policy, one might want to ask Berkeley (the institution), why they are employing a substandard scholar. This is not an attack on academic freedom.

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Uh no. He was told to write an opinion that would provide legal cover for torturers. He did. He's as culpable as they are.

He has a duty to interpret the law correctly, to the best of his ability, he just made shit up and it got people killed.

Getting fired should be the least of his worries.

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Redshift, et al, make great points. Cal law school grads will now have to declare themselves pre-Yoo or Yoo era, won't they? And when they put Constitutional Law on a resume isn't some firm likely to inquire about who that hotshot attorney's professor was?

It's just lucky for him he's got tenure. Even if no one signs up for his course, his job is guaranteed. He can stay there until there's a Republican President and a Republican Congress and, presto, he'll be appointed a Republican federal judge.

Of course, the voters can make certain that last never happens.

O my god what has happened this country? I can't believe that. Sweet Jesus - every single person who knew about this and said nothing is complicit in war crime for the love of god - I cannot believe this is the country I grew up in.

I am appalled.

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I think that all this misses the rather obvious point that Yoo's primary qualification for the post he now holds is the position he once held in the Bush administration. This episode merely confirms that Yoo held that position not because he was qualified and competent, but because he was pliable - a man who would try to justify anything the administration wanted to do.



So the last step on the career ladder that got him a professorship was invalid. Essentially, he lied on his application. That can get you fired at Walmart.

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Yoo joined the Berkeley faculty in 1993. His position at DoJ was essentially a kind of leave.

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Recent PBS program, Bush's War, makes it clear that Yoo was sought out, because he was willing to write what ever the Cheney Cabal wanted. They shopped around until the found him, and he did not use any independent judgment. He just wrote what the Cheney Cabal dictated.

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Then again, Klondike, you do say he "held that position ... because he was pliable - a man who would try to justify anything the administration wanted to do."

And isn't that what lawyers generally are paid to do? My late father was a lawyer and he was irritated when I compared lawyers to vending machines -- drop the money in, it's give you whatever you want.

I guess there are lawyers who aren't like that. But they're probably not ever gonna work in Washington.

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Your legal arguments have to have a good faith basis. He didn't even try. For example, he ignored, rather than distinguished, Youngstown because it would have most certainly destroyed his argument. That's a no-no.

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Patrick Fitzgerald is better than that.

Acting Attorney General, James Comey stood up to the White House Cabal, when they tried to go around him to get John Ashcroft to sign off on their wrong doing. Not all lawyers are willing to surrender their moral and legal principles.

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Ja, und Yoo vas just ein gut soldier.

"too many questions remain to pass judgment on Yoo beyond finding his legal reasoning flawed"

Why would Berkley Law School employ a professor whose "legal reasoning is flawed?" And this flawed reasoning sanctioned the suffering and death of many people.

Yikes, that's equivalent to keeping on a surgeon in a large hospital whose surgical skills are flawed.

Yikes, that's equivalent to keeping on a surgeon in a large hospital whose surgical skills are flawed.

More like having Dr. Mengele on your faculty.

Yoo is an ambarassment to the Cal Community, and he needs to go. Not to worry though, he'll probably end up at Liberty University or some other leading Law School.

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This is the problem I have with the Dean's statement:
"Was there clear professional misconduct—that is, some breach of the professional ethics applicable to a government attorney—material to Professor Yoo’s academic position? Did the writing of the memoranda, and his related conduct, violate a criminal or comparable statute?"

He is talking about two different subjects. Whether or not Yoo breached the Professional Ethics required of lawyers is quite different than violating a criminal statute. We can sit around and wait to see if he is criminally indicted and found guilty... but that does not mean he should retain his law license until that indictment occurs. If someone were to file a complaint against Yoo in the bar where he is licensed... and if after an investigation it is decided that he is "unfit" to hold a legal license in that state...he will be disbarred. I doubt if any law school would retain a law professor who no longer has a law license... it is a good first start while we wait out the .... what did Rumsfeld call it "a long hard slog"?

Yoo's one big frikkin Eichmann. If Boalt hires ethically deformed profs, I suppose that's up to the dean. What student who knows what Yoo is responsible for would take his class? There must be other options, including boycott.

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Nothing wrong with shredding the Constitution? And teaching, as long as your president starts a war the Constitution doesn't matter he can do as he wants! He is omnipotent! He can torture. He can wiretap citizens! He can lie his ass off! All the lawyers working at the WH, DOJ and Pentagon were/are full of shit.

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What about the question of professional competence? The dean is critical of Yoo's analysis and scholarship in the memo, independent of the moral implications. Shouldn't a prestigious institution like Berkeley retain only law faculty who demonstrate good skills in their legal work? The law school could reasonably question whether a teacher like Yoo is competent to teach law students to analyze and apply applicable legal precedents to questions at hand when he cannot even manage to mention the most-applicable precedent in his memo (the Youngstown Steel case). Surely that lack of good legal work is grounds to dismiss Yoo even if the dean won't call him to task for his moral stance.

Here's what I wrote to Edley last week:

Dear Professor Edley,

I’m sure you have seen the recent articles about John Yoo and his legal opinions while he was in the Office of Legal Counsel in the Bush Administration. But I quote here from today’s Washington Post, because it gives a concise summary of why Mr. Yoo should not be attached to any reputable law schools:

... Neither the attorney general at the time, John D. Ashcroft, nor his deputy, Larry D. Thompson, were aware of the 81-page [Justice Department] memo [that authorized harsh military interrogations] when it was written and sent to the Pentagon in March 2003, according to several former senior department officials. The Pentagon was told in December 2003 to disregard the legal advice in the memo after Justice Department lawyers raised objections.

The memo was written by John C. Yoo, then a deputy in the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel, who also wrote or co-wrote many of the key legal opinions that asserted an expansive view of presidential power in the Bush administration's early years. Now a California law professor, Yoo has defended his work as a "near boilerplate" defense of presidential prerogatives and said subsequent criticism has been motivated by politics.

Two memos written or drafted by Yoo, including the 2003 memo released this week, have been formally withdrawn by the Justice Department. However, the October 2001 memo arguing for unregulated military searches on U.S. soil has not been formally withdrawn ...

Mr. Yoo’s narrow definitions of torture have been decried by legal experts, ethicists, and military leaders, such as retired Air Force Gen. Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff when the 2003 memo was written, if only for the reciprocal treatment our own prisoners might receive.

I hope that adding my voice to the numerous calls for Mr. Yoo’s dismissal will make you and your department consider this more seriously and take immediate action.

Let's say Yoo was, hypothetically speaking, a lawyer for Enron.

And let's say he wrote a memorandum to his bosses saying, "hey, loot the company, screw the shareholders and cheat consumers to enrich yourselves. It's legally A-OK. None of those laws that, on their face, say what you're doing is illegal apply to your conduct because you're really great guys."

And then, let's say that when they were put on trial, all these executives asserted an "advice of counsel" defense to negate the intent element of the criminal statutes they violated.

Under those circumstances, the pretextual nature of Yoo's advice would be sufficient evidence of his complicity in a criminal conspiracy to cost him his license.

My point here is that the Geneva Conventions are, like all treaties, the law of the land. Yoo's advice was so facially pretextual, and the way he bypassed his superiors was so unusual, that one could make out a prima facie case that he was complicit as an accessory before the fact in a conspiracy to commit war crimes.

We tossed people into jail in the Nuremberg trials for doing stuff like that.

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I am one of the people who has graduated from Berkeley in the last few years. In fact, I took a ConLaw class from Yoo my third year. I don't remember him being too polemical a professor - although of course he already had the reputation from his torture memos when he was hired.. As I was a third year, the times I actually went to class I didnt really pay that much attention. My memory of the class was that practically all of the few conservative students at Boalt were in it, and many were trying desperately to kiss up to the prof. That was really the only interesting part of the class. I dont think I would describe Yoo as a sub-standard prof - he seemed fairly intelligent and did a good job with the material. That being said, I dont know what the school should do with him. I think the whole Yoo episode is a pretty good example of what Hannah Arendt called the 'banality of evil' - Yoo never struck me as a particularly evil or diabolical person, just someone who ended up giving the system what it wanted.

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Does Berkeley teach ethics?

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They should make Yoo *teach* the class on Ethics. Then they could cross-list the course in the Lit dept. as a class on usage-controversies in irony.

Also it'd be cool to see how long everyone can keep a straight face.

Actually, the typo "military interrogators could torture detainees as long as their only motivation was sadism" expresses the real outcome of the policy almost perfectly. The Yoo analysis excuses torture in any case provided some ideological excuse can be found (for the good of the USA etc): it's forbidden only if one can (impossibly) show that the torturer acted chiefly from libidinal thrill. But isn't that exactly the result of Bush-style pseudo patriotism and nationalism? --empty of practical morality or purpose, it promises that feelings of personal worth and psychological well-being(=libidinal thrill) can accompany any depraved act done for the alleged higher purpose of national security.

Paging Mistah Kurtz...

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The Dean is a lion of courage compared to Pelosi and Reid. They're perfectly aware that war crimes have been committed and will do nothing. This makes them just as complicit as Yoo.

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Now it is true that during the McCarthy period many faculty (with tenure) throughout the country were fired for Communist ties or even the failure to sign loyalty oaths. It is true that more recently a Professor at a Colorado (?) school was forced out for describing 9/11 in terms of "chickens coming home to roost". Now those were cases well-documented of academic firings over content not over illegal acts. The law dean here seems to play at not knowing the rich heritage of purging of leftwing political ideas by the academy and its administrative enforcers. In Yoo's case, his advocacy of torture seems to be in a class by itself. Would the good dean feel the same if one of his law Professors came to class in full Nazi regalia? Probably. Would he feel the same if one of his law professors came to class decked out in Black Panther outfit? You cna be sure anyone who did would be fired instantly.

- although of course he already had the reputation from his torture memos when he was hired.. OOC@3.57

Now why would any school hire a bu$hist loser with a torture memo rep? Red lights and sirens should go off at the employer's place when a bland, fat, compliant sack of turd like Yoo walks in with his bu$hist resume and his torture rep. It's not as if the world doesn't know that nobody smarter than bu$h was allowed in the room.

Why would Boalt even want him? I don't get it.

Tell ya what, Yoo's Buddha face gonna give Bubba's system what IT wants.

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Academic freedom did not Ward Churchill, an equally offensive individual. Of course he was not fired because of his statements in relation to 9/11, that had nothing to do with. His colleagues saw that as part of his academic freedom. They were shocked however, shocked to discover had misrepresented an important statute in the field of federal Indian law, the General Allotment Act of 1887 in his publications and on top of that he made false characterizations in his discussions concerning the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990.

Well in light of those transgressions I think we can all agree that he had to go.

I wonder how much plagiarism, misrepresentations and other factual error's Mr. Yoo has committed? Perhaps the dean should not worry about on the job torture enabling and focus on Mr. Yoo's stance on the legitimacy of the adjustments of the standards used to allocate payment for sugar cane futures based upon the viscosity of the resultant molasses. I imagine they might be shocked by what they might find and send him right out the door.

re: "Ward Churchill, an equally offensive individual"

I hear your argument about academic freedom not applying equally in UCa-Berkeley and UCo-Boulder, but I have to take issue with equating the two professors.

Ward Churchill may have offended people by calling 9/11 workers "little Eichmanns" but he did not actually cause their real-life deaths or torture. That, to me, is a huge difference right there. I find enabling torture 1,000 times more offensive than hurting peoples feelings with anti-authoritarian essays or books.

Regardless of whether you agree or disagree with either man, it is clear that one fights against the misuse of American power and one has enabled it. And back to your point about academic freedom, it's not surprising that the one who enabled the misuse of power retains his faculty position and enjoys the support of his Dean.

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Tenured professors have jobs for life.

But people with decency criticize the ethics of a professor like John Yoo who promoted torture.

Instead, Christopher Edley, Jr. claims a lack-of-evidence that Yoo's promotion of torture is unethical.

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If you read through Edley's letter, you'll see that he does criticize Yoo's memos, even going so far as to call them "tortured definitions of torture". My take is that he won't state that it is unethical because he can't fire him even if that's the case (what with tenure and all).

The relevent statute which Edley cites:
Types of unacceptable conduct: … Commission of a criminal act which has led to conviction in a court of law and which clearly demonstrates unfitness to continue as a member of the faculty. [Academic Personnel Manual sec. 015]

Yoo will not get convicted in the current environment (he may already have an advance pardon waiting for him once W leaves office), so this doesn't meet the first part of the statute right there.

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I gladly yield the point to Liam. Patrick Fitzgerald and James Comey were -- ARE -- better than that, and thank God for them. To be honest, this whole business has made John Ashcroft look good. If I met the man today, I'd have to apologize for my perception of him. (Not to be too snarky, but do you think Ashcroft looks in the mirror every day and thanks God specifically for Alberto Gonzalez?)

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Atropos -

John Yoo got tenure in 1999.

That was before the Bush Administration and before torture memos by John Yoo and other Republicans.

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The "deciders"??? OMG, did the Dean of Boalt Hall actually put that in a written statement? Sounds like Berkeley would be smart to get rid of that guy when they get rid of Woo.


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Sorry, missed typo: Shoulda said "Yoo" not "Woo."

That being said, I dont know what the school should do with him. I think the whole Yoo episode is a pretty good example of what Hannah Arendt called the 'banality of evil' - Yoo never struck me as a particularly evil or diabolical person, just someone who ended up giving the system what it wanted.

Rather how Albert Speer gave Hitler what he wanted.

As far as I'm concerned Yoo is one of the most immoral and uttely disgusting human beings walking around. Every single person involved in this in any way is immoral and utterly disgusting.

This is the most anti-American bunch of ideologues we've ever had the misfortune to be cursed with and I have half a mind to devote the rest of my life to seeing them brought to justice. Every one of them. They have made you and I responsible for this - this is a democracy - they did these things in our names and I want redress.

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Thanks, I get the point I think. There is an overriding imperative in the legal system that no matter what, a defendant is entitled to an attorney who defends his interest only. I'm a little less sympathetic to the idea that a lawyer is entitled to advise a client on whether he can be held guiltless (or can be effectively defended) if he thwarts the law or goes against it. Is being a Consiglierie of sorts a violation of the canon of legal ethics?

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The "decider" didn't put his name on the memo. Yoo did. Yoo wrote it. Yoo defends it.

To defending Yoo's writing of the legal brief as being only the production of an analysis for his client is ludicrous. The memo forgot to include Youngstown in its analysis. The memo was a legalistic piece of crap. If Edley can't find it within himself to fire Yoo for authoring an official memorandum that exculpates torture and declares out of hand that the President can decree the 4th Amendment out of existence, then he should fire Yoo for his gross incompetence in authoring such an unprofessional, poorly researched piece of crap.

Edley will fire Yoo. Give him time. It will happen.

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The "decider" didn't put his name on the memo. Yoo did. Yoo wrote it. Yoo defends it.

To defending Yoo's writing of the legal brief as being only the production of an analysis for his client is ludicrous. The memo forgot to include Youngstown in its analysis. The memo was a legalistic piece of crap. If Edley can't find it within himself to fire Yoo for authoring an official memorandum that exculpates torture and declares out of hand that the President can decree the 4th Amendment out of existence, then he should fire Yoo for his gross incompetence in authoring such an unprofessional, poorly researched piece of crap.

Edley will fire Yoo. Give him time. It will happen.

Is being a Consiglierie of sorts a violation of the canon of legal ethics?

It's being a party to the war crime.

Anyone who advised and/or kept their mouths shut are parties to the war crimes.

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Yoo So Crazy!

I'm a proud Cal alum who is disgusted by Yoo's
part in all of this. I hope (and believe) that Cal &
Boalt are also embarrassed by this man.

I think it's safe to say that it would be an easy
call to not hire a John Yoo if he showed up on your
doorstep in 2008 with his current resume.

But, of course, that is not the case here.

There's a difference between not hiring someone and
firing an academic. I don't agree with the more rabid
folks here (the ones who have trouble spelling "Berkeley")
who think institutions of higher learning routinely
fire people for awful or uncomfortable viewpoints.
Academic freedom is most necessary in cases like these.

As I said above, I'm disgusted by Yoo (and would like
to see today's Cal students make more noise about the
problem) but I don't see how his unsavory actions
are cause for dismissal in a free, open academic environment.


OutOfCountry

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p.s.

OutOfCountry, thank you for providing
some rational info and assessment...

I really cannot believe people calmly discussing this man's tenure like it really matters.

Do you any of you really understand what is going on here and what happened? For love of god - why aren't you completely outraged? Do none of you have any feeling for this at all? These are things that we tried people for after WWII.

That's how these laws got written and they are laws, I don't care what these criminals say.

God I just am mystified that almost no one seems all that upset. To me this is the single most devastating thing that has happened during this whole nightmare period. I'm devastated that my country is doing these things. Because that puts me in the position of being guilty too.

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I think we are upset but just as in WW2 Germany most people feel powerless to do anything. How many letters can you write to Congress if they turn a deaf ear to this? How do you get a country on board for war trials when they're worried about losing their jobs/health insurance/homes. When they're trying to pay for fuel to get to work only to have the money they make not stretch far enough to buy the food they need.

This whole administration and the war they started has asked nothing of the American public other than to trust them. Most of the public did and now when they finally wake up and realize what was really going on they're just too tired and perhaps stunned to believe that it all happened in this country. Remember, most high school graduates and many college grads have no concept of world, let alone US, history. That's how this bunch of demagogues were able to get and maintain power.

So I don't believe that because rational people are speaking calmly about this means they aren't "Mad as hell and don't want to take it anymore."

But let's be honest, most people are just hoping these people go away and a new administration comes in all shiny and new. It's typical of the US mindset.