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Experts Weigh In On Bush Justice Memos
So what to make of those Bush administration legal memos, formulating counter-terrorism policy, that the Justice Department released yesterday?
The key news seems to be that at least ten of the opinions issued by the department's Office of Legal Counsel in the early years of the War on Terror -- outlining an expansive view of executive power -- were later deemed flawed and ordered withdrawn. We had previously known that this had occurred with just two such opinions.
In one memo, John Yoo argued that during wartime, the president could ignore free speech protections and could order warrantless searches. In another, the Bush DOJ claimed that detainees could be sent to countries that commit human rights abuses, as long as the US did not intentionally seek their torture. Five days before Bush left office, both of these opinions and several others were repudiated in a separate "memorandum for the Files" by Stephen Bradbury, then the acting head of the Office of Legal Counsel. That document was also released yesterday.
Other Bush administration memos that were later withdrawn argued that the president could unilaterally abrogate foreign treaties; could ignore guidance from Congress in dealing with terrorist suspects being detained; and could conduct warrantless wiretapping.
Since the release of the memos yesterday, expert opinion has essentially been united in denouncing the opinions.
Walter Dellinger, who ran OLC during the Clinton administration tells the New York Times that the Bradbury memo "disclaiming the opinions of earlier Bush lawyers sets out in blunt detail how irresponsible those earlier opinions were."
Jennifer Daskal of Human Rights Watch speaking to the Washington Post, singles out the memo that allowed the administration to send detainees to countries that commit human rights abuses. "That is [the Office of Legal Counsel] telling people how to get away with sending someone to a nation to be tortured," Daskal said. "The idea that the legal counsel's office would be essentially telling the president how to violate the law is completely contrary to the purpose and the role of what a legal adviser is supposed to do."
Orin Kerr, a law professor at George Washington, focuses on the memo that gave the administration the power to conduct warrantless wiretapping. Writing on the blog The Volokh Conspiracy, Kerr calls the argument that FISA doesn't apply to national security issues -- which appears to be the memo's argument -- "an extremely lame analysis." He continues: "Much of the point of FISA was to regulate that."*
And Salon's Glenn Greenwald is particularly outraged by an opinion arguing that the president can deploy the US military inside the US, directed at both foreign nationals and US citizens. Greenwald calls this "nothing less than an explicit decree that, when it comes to Presidential power, the Bill of Rights was suspended, even on U.S. soil and as applied to U.S. citizens."
He concludes:
If this isn't the unadorned face of warped authoritarian extremism, what is?
* This paragraph has been corrected from an earlier version which reported incorrectly that the blog post was written by Eugene Volokh.













If I wrote legal briefs with Woo's level of insight and analysis, I would probably be sued and disbarred. What state is he licenced in?
March 3, 2009 12:41 PM | Reply | Permalink
Salad,
John Yoo was nothing but a toady for the Buch/Cheney gang. He could not have the education he has and still believe all the bullshit he was actually generating. Yoo twisted the law and the Constitution into a pretzel and gave his bosses what they wanted.
Heh, it just occurred to me; in the words of the right wing, Yoo was an 'activist' lawyer.
March 3, 2009 1:58 PM | Reply | Permalink
Bushland
March 3, 2009 4:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yoo drew on old Alexander Hamilton (wasn't he one of our revered Founding Fathers?) who made the alarming remark that the President can do anything the Constitution does not expressly forbid.
Pretty hard to refute Hamilton's argument which leads me to the logical conclusion that it's time to write a new Constitution.
March 4, 2009 12:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
Probably in California, in order to teach law there. Probably still in DC.
There's been an ongoing effort to get him disbarred, if you want to join it.
March 4, 2009 12:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
Waitaminute...
You mean when Bush unilaterally revoked the ABM treaty, it was on a memo that's now been discredited?
Do we really think he overstepped his authority and moved in to Legislative functions without any question of its legality? Did Yoo issue that particular memo without some kind of request from the President?
March 3, 2009 1:17 PM | Reply | Permalink
All those memoes were written in response to requests -- not about whether particular acts were illegal, which had to have been obvious, but how to give them the appearance of legality.
They knew what they were doing was illegal.
March 4, 2009 12:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
Seems the underlying message of all these "criminal abuses of power" was:
Quick, go to war! Then seize all these powers!
March 3, 2009 1:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
When did we declare war?
March 3, 2009 4:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
Bush to Yoo; "John, Dick Cheney says he wants legal authority to start up these concentration camps, can you help us out?"
Yoo: 'Comin right up, Chief.'
March 3, 2009 1:50 PM | Reply | Permalink
If this was, as it seems, an abrogation of the Bill of Rights --
-Why are we just finding out about it?
-Why aren't they all in jail for an attempted coup of our Government?
-Why should we believe it won't happen again?
March 3, 2009 2:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
I have to agree. Why is this not in 72pt. type at the top of every news site? If these memos say what they appear to say then Bush and friends came within a penstroke of dictatorship. They seem to say the President (or his designee) had authority to do whatever he wanted. Textbook dictatorship.
Why is this not news? Are we _that_ jaded? Do we really not care?
March 3, 2009 2:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
Let's see. Where to begin.
The Fourth Estate is bankrupt. Newspapers, literally and broadcasters, ethically.
The one party system will act to preserve itself in lieu of actually fulfilling the responsibilities of democratic representation.
Obama is already feeling the seduction of the extreme imbalance of power favoring the Executive branch. He decided to hang on to some PTOUS powers granted by the Patriot Act. I believe we're far better off with Barack and team at the helm right now. If he does not restore some balance in the relationship, we're ripe for another Bushque.
This isn't conspiracy theory. This is simply the behavior of large systems.
March 3, 2009 2:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
Argh. POTUS.
March 3, 2009 2:46 PM | Reply | Permalink
Although I agree that the Fourth Estate is asleep at the switch, is the health of our government in the hands of the press? I thought we had checks and balances for a reason. How can an Executive Branch make decrees that no one else knows about?
This is serious, and regardless of how seduced Obama may feel, he needs to remember that he is married to the Constitution! This shit has to stop or our country is really doomed!
March 3, 2009 4:30 PM | Reply | Permalink
Those checks and balances are adjusted by elections, and they depend on an educated electorate for rational adjustment.
When the 4th Estate abdicates it's duty to educate and inform the public, and become a mouthpiece for the status quo, then those adjustments get stifled, and we end up with a government like the one we have seen over the past 10 years.
It is no wonder that 4th Estate is going broke, as the blogs and the internet fill the vacuum.
At least on the blogs, we can choose what we consider meaningful and true, rather than being brainwashed methodically by advertising and partisan journalism.
The MSM is in large part responsible for Bush/Cheney's unrestricted gaming of the public.
Without that cooperation from a pliant media, we might have seen the truth promulgated, rather than the lie. And the public might well have rejected Bush either in 2000 or 2004, had they known the truth..
But we will never know because the media did just the opposite. They PROMOTED the Bush lie, and look where they are today because of it.
March 3, 2009 4:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
But WHERE WERE THOSE MEMOS? Did the press have access to them? Who did? Just the Executive Branch? If so, why were they even written?
I mean, can you BE a dictator if no one does what you tell them to do? Would the military ever say no to a CIC, or at least ask for an opinion from the other branches as to the lawfulness of an order?
Is there a procedure for curbing abuse of power? Because it doesn't look like to me anyone even knew about the extent of the abuses.
March 3, 2009 5:35 PM | Reply | Permalink
"Did the press have access to them?"
The question might be "Did the press try to uncover them?"
Seems the question was "out there" when someofthis occurred, we speculated about it here, among other places, at the time.
But no one ever had the guts to ask, as far as i recall. No one wanted to upset the wartime president OR the CEO VP who managed him.
March 3, 2009 7:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
Evidently, these memos were filed someplace in the Justice Department, which was stacked with "loyal bushies."
The media could ask until the cows came home, but first of all they would have to know what to ask, and secondly they would have to find a leaker.
I realize I am just asking the same question over and over, but HOW DID this happen, and why is it evidently okay for a president to do whatever he wants to do?
The "Signing Statements" are a case in point. He signed a bill into law, and then someone (not W obviously) wrote a paragraph saying that he didn't have to follow that same law. THE CONGRESS KNEW ABOUT THIS AND DID NOTHING!
That was the beginning of the end as far as I'm concerned, because that should certainly be unlawful. But no one did anything about it. Just tsk tsk'd and looked away.
We have a huge problem on our hands, and it is our very government, which is ineffectual at challenging elected officials from exceeding their lawful limits of power.
What is the point of the Constitution, and who is going to stand up for it?
March 3, 2009 8:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
we end up with a government like the one we have seen over the past 10 years.
_____
28 years: it began with Reagan.
March 4, 2009 12:43 PM | Reply | Permalink
"John Yoo argued that during wartime, the president could ignore free speech protections and could order warrantless searches."
When did we declare war?
March 3, 2009 4:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
My point is, Bush never had the authority to call himself a war president, or act under the umbrella of war, because we were never in an officially declared war.
Also, Yoo's advice is premised on that factor, that "during wartime" which has not officially occurred since WW2.
So even if there was any validity to Yoo's claim about Presidential powers in time of war, the legal prerequisite (declared war) has never existed.
Therefor, Yoo's legal opinion was inherently flawed.
March 3, 2009 4:35 PM | Reply | Permalink
It isn't merely "inherently flawed"; it is flatly UNConstitutional.
If there are no limits on a president's power, in wartime or otherwise, then there isn't an impeachment clause in the Constitution which applies to the president.
But there is exactly such clause.
March 4, 2009 12:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
I have no problem with Universities hiring Conservatives or Liberals to teach. The last I heard, Yoo is teaching law at UC Berkley. Doesn't UC have any standards?
Note; I'm a liberal.
March 3, 2009 4:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
The University of California Boalt Hall Law School website lists Yoo as a faculty member but says he is not teaching this semester. He should be disbarred for his abysmal ignorance of Constitutional Law.
March 3, 2009 6:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
jsj,
I remember reading of students there protesting his being hired.
March 4, 2009 8:24 AM | Reply | Permalink
Daskal said. "The idea that the legal counsel's office would be essentially telling the president how to violate the law is completely contrary to the purpose and the role of what a legal adviser is supposed to do."
Isn't that why the Mafia boss has a consigliere; to advise them HOW to break the law without getting caught?
The Bush Mob.
March 3, 2009 4:51 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yes, and I believe such mafia lawyers are routinely convicted of criminal conspiracy. It's not just the content and tone of these memos that makes it all look like a criminal conspiracy but the fact that they went around normal channels to get the opinions they wanted (Yoo's supervisors didn't see these memos) and then defied congress and the courts when ordered to produce them. As you recall, they even tried to keep the memos from the Obama transition team.
Rescinding the memos 5 days before Bush leaves office, and including self-exonerating footnotes, does not sound like the behavior of people who know they behaved ethically all along.
As they say, it's not just the crime; it's the coverup. In this case, the coverup is solid evidence that it was a criminal conspiracy from the start (like those erased CIA tapes). Also, when Goldsmith/Levin rescinded the first torture memo, he specifically admonished that it was highly inappropriate for the OLC to advise the president on how to evade prosecution for acts that would normally be considered illegal.
If no one else in the Bush administration goes to jail, the lawyers in this conspiracy (Yoo, Gonzales, Addington, Bybee, Bradbury) must. I sure hope the Inspector General stuck to his guns.
March 3, 2009 7:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
At least some portion of the memo authorizing torture, and the existence of these memos, was at issue when Jay Bybee's nomination to the US District Court was before the Senate. Bybee, I would remind you, is a sitting federal court judge today. Confirmed to the US District Court in Nevada, he often sits by designation on the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. If that isn't enough to chill your blood, nothing will. When those of us who were working to defeat his confirmation to the federal bench pointed out that he had authorized the use of torture by the US Government, we were, in essence, told to stop being so hysterical. The Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee just couldn't wrap their minds around the extent of the anti-constitutional derogation of the rule of law that the Bush Administration was pursuing. Many of the same people remain on the Senate Judiciary Committee today. Republicans all closed ranks and either poo-pooed the accusations or defended the right of the president to trample the constitution. The newspapers and certainly tv made tepid sounds or joined the Republicans. The public didn't know what to think, other than to stay scared. No leadership anywhere.
Now, after the fact, Senator Leahy is calling for an independent Commission of Inquiry into the Bush Administration's abuses of power. Better late than never. The Committee will conduct a hearing on the concept tomorrow. We will see whether there is a glimmer of hope that this constitutional crisis will begin to be addressed or whether Congress' response is equal to their response to the failure of our banking system.
Bush grabbed unimaginable power - but Congress allowed him to do so.
March 3, 2009 10:08 PM | Reply | Permalink
We'll learn that Congress too didn't know the extent of the stench in the bowels of the Bushit criminal enterprise.
And, yes: the "Federalist Society" is anti-American. They are, behind that label, anti-Federalists who oppose the Constitution.
March 4, 2009 12:53 PM | Reply | Permalink
A final thought:
The Administration's abuse of power was grounded on legal theories by Yoo, Bybee, Addington and others who remain free to do it again. Maybe what we need is a new House UnAmerican Activities Committee - but this time directed to the Federalist Society.
March 3, 2009 10:09 PM | Reply | Permalink